Lithium levels need to be followed serially and hemodialysis may be indicated, especially if renal function is compromised priligy sg The mechanisms of action for these drugs are as follow 1 epinephrine binds to ОІ receptors that are not bound by the ОІ blocker, thus activating adenyl cyclase through the G s protein, resulting in the release of calcium via the adenosine triphosphate adenosine monophosphate AMP protein kinase A pathway 13; 2 glucagon acts directly on the G s protein foregoing the ОІ receptors entirely 13; 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitors prevent the degradation of cyclic AMP 13; 4 insulin allows the uptake of carbohydrates energy, it is anti inflammatory, and is associated with potassium influx that results in prolonged repolarization allowing calcium channels to remain open for a longer time 13; and 5 vasopressin works through the V1A receptor where its activity is mediated by G proteins which stimulate a phosphatidylinositol calcium secondary messenger system 26